NCApril/May2025

36 NEBRASKA CATTLEMAN April/May 2025 1/4 Horizontal Nebraska Cattleman Natural & Complete Calf Program www.cuprem.com 1-800-228-4253 Calf 7 Capsules • Designed to boost immune systems & prevent scours for more pounds at weaning. • Give 1 capsule per calf as soon as possible. Probiotic 512T Paste • Contains live microbials and dried egg proteins. • Works to prevent scours, encourage appetite and naturally strengthen the immune response. • Give 5 grams per calf. CL Cow Replacer • Easy-mixing colostrum for newborn calves. • Mix with 1 qt. water; adjust volume as needed. • Best seller going on 67 years! SurelifeW/S • All-natural, drug-free scourrelief aid, designed for calves at birth up to 500 lbs. • Replenishes electrolytes. • Mix 80 grams with 1 qt. water. Cryp-to-Cal • Targets most pathogens that cause scours, including crypto. • Most effective when used at first sign of looseness. Costro Lac Powder • Newborn calf probiotic, vitamin and bioactive protein supplement. • Add 1 scoop to milk for 3-7 feedings for increased immunity. • 150 scoops per 2-lb. jar. Natural Animal Health Product Since 1958 MANIFEST DESTINY CONTINUED FROM PAGE 34 chase of presents for the Sioux.” The Commissioner of Indian Affairs wrote in his 1875 Annual Report that the goal was, “the bringing of these wild Sioux under wholesome restraint.” The Plains Indians also found reservations a place of poverty, both economically and culturally. Therefore, conflict was inevitable. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs reported to the Secretary of the Interior in 1875: “The records are abundant to show that agents (political appointees) have pocketed the funds appropriated by the Government and driven the Indians to starvation. It cannot be doubted that Indian wars have originated from this cause.” However, the outcome of the Indian Wars was preordained. When the U.S. Army suffered causalities, they were easily replaced. However, this was not the case when the Indians lost a warrior who had a lifetime of training and experience. Elimination of the Buffalo In 1869, William Tecumseh Sherman was appointed commanding general of the U.S. Army, and General Philip H. Sheridan was appointed senior commander of the Military Division of the Missouri, with all the Great Plains under his command. Both Sherman and Sheridan had used a “scorched earth” approach during the Civil War against the Confederacy and its people – Sheridan in Virginiaʼs Shenandoah Valley and Sherman in Georgia. These tactics fit with eradicating the buffalo herd, eliminating the Native Americans food source and way of life. The army itself was only involved indirectly in the elimination of the buffalo herd through wasteful hunting to feed troops where they may only harvest the tongues – which was considered a delicacy – leaving the rest behind. However, indirectly, they supplied a tremendous amount of support. This included offering guides and protection for “celebrity” hunting parties, including European royalty, and critical support to the professional hide hunters who, at the time, were frequently called “buffalo runners.” The research article, “Frontier Army-Destruction of the Buffalo-1865-1883,” reported that the armyʼs support of the buffalo runners was extensive. This included the frontier military posts furnishing the hide hunters with free ammunition, supplies, equipment, markets, storage and shipping facilities. Enabled by “the armyʼs protection, co-operative encouragement and assistance,” the hide hunters were wildly successful in fulfilling the strategic goal of eliminating the bison as a form of subsistence and way of life of the native peoples. By the end of the 1880s, the buffalo was functionally extinct with only a few small herds raised on ranches remaining. Another byproduct of the buffalo hunts was the bones left behind. They were collected and sold to be ground into fertilizer. In terms of the Great Plains, the U.S. defeated a formidable foe in the Native Americans and their professional warriors. However, the Indians just could not overcome the math of the number of soldiers that were opposing them. Simultaneously, the bison were eliminated, freeing up the land for farming and ranching. However, the tactics used by the United States were harsh at best, and the government routinely went back on its word by not honoring treaties they had negotiated with the Indians. However, land that once supported a few hundred thousand people was converted to where it could feed hundreds of millions of people, achieving Manifest Destinyʼs ultimate goal. ~NC~ Secretary of the Interior Investigating the Indian Bureau. From, ‘Harper’s Weekly.’ Jan. 1878: Credit National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution

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